Dorothea Klumpke Roberts: Sources

SOURCES:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothea_Klumpke
http://www.aanc-astronomy.org/articles/dorothea.html
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1942PASP...54..217A
http://www.answers.com/topic/dorothea-klumpke-roberts
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/107876/large/C0043664-Dorothea_Klumpke_1861-1942_Astronomer-SPL.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/107876/enlarge&usg=__FZ7tK3U3o8dIDg0Io_LNa6uvZ9w=&h=530&w=454&sz=38&hl=en&start=3&zoom=1&tbnid=TTE3NNljO_OZlM:&tbnh=132&tbnw=113&ei=Y5JLT-SfKZO_gAfC8IWMDg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddorothea%2Bklumpke%2Broberts%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26gbv%3D2%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1

GALE:
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=RELEVANCE&inPS=true&prodId=GVRL&userGroupName=fl_sarhs&tabID=T003&searchId=R1&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=1&contentSet=GALE%7CCX2588812967&&docId=GALE|CX2588812967&docType=GALE

APOD 3.6

This is a picture of a road in the dark Atacama Desert in Chile. It appears to lead to the glowing nebulae of the Milky Way. Ini reality, the road leads to Cerro Armazones peak in Chile, future construction site for the 40-meter class European Extremely Large Telescope. In the sky above the road, the Great Carina Nebula dominates the sky. It is one of our galaxies largest star formations. The sky is so clear because of the distance from any kind of light, therefore, there is very little light pollution.

APOD 3.5

This is a very picturesque image of the Rosette Nebula. The Rosette Nebula is not the only nebula to evoke the image of flowers, but it is the most famous. It is known to look like a rose, with a center being a cluster of young stars 50 light years wide. The petals of this rose are actually a stellar nursery whose lovely, symmetric shape is sculpted by the winds and radiation from its central cluster. The constellation Monoceros is contained in this famous nebula.

Observations (AstronomyCast) Nebulae

A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust composed mainly of hydrogen and helium with some other ionized gases. Originally nebula was the name for any extended astronomical object, including galaxies beyond the Milky Way. Many nebulae form from the gravitational collapse of gas in the interstellar medium. As the material collapses under its own weight, massive stars may form in the center, and their ultraviolet radiation ionizes the surrounding gas making it visible at optical wavelengths. There are four main types of nebulae: diffuse, planetary, protoplanetary, and supernova. Diffuse nebulae are extended and contain no well defined boundaries. Planetary nebulae form from the gaseous shells that are ejected from low-mass asymptotic giant branch stars when they transform into white dwarfs. Protoplanetary nebula are astronomical objects which are at the short-lived episode during a star's rapid stellar evolution between the late asymptotic giant branch phase and the following planetary nebula phase. A supernova nebula occurs when a high-mass star reaches the end of its life.

APOD 3.4

This shot of the Orion Nebula pictures a hot bed of star formation. This Orion field, which is located 1600 light years away, is full of intricate patterns of filaments of dust. Dust is created in the outer atmosphere of massive cool stars and expelled by a strong outer wind of particles. Forming star clusters in the above image appear brown, while the central glowing gas is highlighted in red. Over the next few million years, the dust will be destroyed by stars or will disperse into the galaxy. 

APOD 3.3

This is the image of star trails set up at ESO's La Silla Observatory. To trace the graceful paths of the stars across the sky, set up your camera on a tripod aimed towards the sky and take pictures at intervals. This image is actually 250 consecutive one minute exposures over a 4 hour period looking towards the North. The North Celestial Pole, at the center of the star trail arcs, is just below the horizon in this southern hemisphere perspective.

APOD 3.2

This picture of a rocky incline was taken on Mars by the rover Opportunity. Because winter on Mars is apporaoching, and the temperatures will drop severely, Opportunity needs to find a warmer place where it can charge its solar panels so as not to run out of battery. The 15 degree incline ahead is known as Greeley's Haven. On top of this incline, Opportunity will have a greater exposure to sunlight on this ridge and therefore a better chance to survive the winter.

APOD 3.1

This is a picture of an aurora over Norway  A large coronal mass ejection occurred on our Sun five days ago, throwing a cloud of fast moving electrons, protons, and ions toward the Earth. A majority if this cloud passed above the Earth, and it impacted the Earth's magnetosphere, which caused this aurora. A more powerful solar flare occurred soon after this aurora took place which means that an even greater aurora may appear soon.